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Paavo Nurmi est n\u00e9 \u00e0 Turku en Finlande le 13 juin 1897, la maison de la famille Nurmi existant encore au num\u00e9ro 4 de Jarrumiehenkatu. Aux Jeux Olympiques de 1912 \u00e0 Stockholm Hannes Kolehmainen avait remport\u00e9 trois m\u00e9dailles d\u2019or et a litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab inscrit en courant la Finlande sur la carte du monde \u00bb. Les courses avaient fortement impressionn\u00e9 le jeune Paavo Nurmi qui avait \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque 15 ans, et il s\u2019est dit qu\u2019il en ferait autant. Il se mit alors \u00e0 courir et \u00e0 s\u2019entra\u00eener r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement et acheta ses premi\u00e8res chaussures sp\u00e9ciales pour la course \u00e0 pied.<\/p>\n
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Paavo Nurmi avait une morphologie id\u00e9ale pour un coureur de fond : il mesurait 174 cm pour 65 kg. Question d\u2019entra\u00eenement, Nurmi \u00e9tait un autodidacte. Il figurait parmi les premiers athl\u00e8tes de haut niveau \u00e0 adopter une approche syst\u00e9matique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de l\u2019entra\u00eenement. L\u2019entra\u00eenement de Nurmi reposait sur trois \u00e9l\u00e9ments : marche, course et gymnastique su\u00e9doise. A l\u2019aide d\u2019un chronom\u00e8tre, Paavo Nurmi appris \u00e0 mesurer et \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre la vitesse et l\u2019effet de la vitesse. En 1914 Nurmi adh\u00e9ra au club sportif local Turun Urheiluliitto qu\u2019il repr\u00e9sentait tout le long de sa carri\u00e8re dans la course \u00e0 pied. Paavo Nurmi a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 son premier record de Finlande \u00e0 Turku le 29 mai 1920, sur le 3000 m avec le temps record de 8.36.2.<\/p>\n
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Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses r\u00e9sultats aux Jeux Olympiques d\u2019Anvers Paavo Nurmi devint dans son pays natal une vraie star et le successeur de Hannes Kolehmainen. Sa premi\u00e8re course olympique, le 5000 m, se termina par une d\u00e9faite cinglante face au fran\u00e7ais Joseph Guillemot. Ce fut pourtant l\u2019unique fois que Nurmi connut une d\u00e9faite face \u00e0 un coureur \u00e9tranger dans une finale olympique. Outre la m\u00e9daille d\u2019argent du 5000 m, aux JO d\u2019Anvers Nurmi remporta la m\u00e9daille d\u2019or sur le 10000 m, mais aussi \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve individuelle et par \u00e9quipe de cross-country.<\/p>\n
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Pendant les trois ann\u00e9es qui ont suivi les JO d\u2019Anvers, Paavo Nurmi r\u00e9gna en ma\u00eetre absolu sur les pistes de course \u00e0 pied. Dans son palmar\u00e8s, il inclut les records du monde planifi\u00e9s et r\u00e9ussis du 1500 m au 10000 m. Paavo Nurmi avait une id\u00e9e ma\u00eetresse : \u00ab Si vous courez contre le temps, vous n\u2019avez pas \u00e0 sprinter. Mener un rythme soutenu et r\u00e9gulier permet de se d\u00e9barrasser de ses adversaires avant la ligne d\u2019arriv\u00e9e\u2026 \u00bb Entre 1921 et 1923, Paavo Nurmi battit un grand nombre de records du monde. Son premier record du monde, il l\u2019a couru \u00e0 Stockholm le 22 juin 1921 : le 10 000 m en 30.40,2. A la cl\u00f4ture de la saison 1923, Paavo Nurmi d\u00e9tenait le titre de record du monde dans trois cat\u00e9gories de course de fond : le mile, le 5000 m et le 10 000 m. Aucun autre coureur n\u2019a atteint le m\u00eame r\u00e9sultat.<\/p>\n
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Les JO de Paris en 1924 furent une grande f\u00eate pour l\u2019athl\u00e9tisme finlandais et Paavo Nurmi. En espace de six jours, Paavo Nurmi remporta cinq m\u00e9dailles d\u2019or, dont trois personnelles et deux par \u00e9quipe. Ses victoires les plus l\u00e9gendaires, Paavo Nurmi les a r\u00e9alis\u00e9es sur les courses du 1500 m et du 5000 m, les deux finales ayant eu lieu en moins de deux heures. Nurmi remporta une victoire \u00e9galement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve individuelle et celle d\u2019\u00e9quipe du cross-country, ainsi que dans la course du 3000 m par \u00e9quipe. Le magazine fran\u00e7ais \u00ab Le miroir des sports \u00bb \u00e9crivait sur Nurmi : \u00ab Paavo Nurmi d\u00e9passe les limites humaines \u00bb.<\/p>\n
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En 1925 Paavo Nurmi entreprit une tourn\u00e9e aux Etats-Unis. En cinq mois il prit part dans 55 comp\u00e9titions et \u00e0 de nombreuses d\u00e9monstrations de course \u00e0 pied. De ces comp\u00e9titions, Nurmi en remporta 53, fut une fois second et abandonna la course une fois. La majorit\u00e9 de ces comp\u00e9titions \u00e9taient disput\u00e9es sur des pistes en salle. Au printemps 1925, les Am\u00e9ricains furent litt\u00e9ralement envahis par la fi\u00e8vre de Paavo Nurmi. Paavo Nurmi fit effectivement conna\u00eetre la Finlande et la culture finnoise plus que personne avant lui. Pour les Am\u00e9ricains, Nurmi \u00e9tait le \u00ab Finlandais volant \u00bb, le \u00ab Fant\u00f4me finlandais \u00bb ou le \u00ab Miracle finlandais courant \u00bb.<\/p>\n
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La tourn\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine fut \u00e9prouvante et laissa ses marques au grand coureur. En Finlande Nurmi courut peu en 1925 et n\u2019\u00e9tablit plus de nouveaux records. Finalement, il n\u2019a plus am\u00e9lior\u00e9 ses records r\u00e9alis\u00e9s en 1924 sur les distances olympiques du 1500 m au 10 000 m avec les r\u00e9sultats suivants : 3.52,6 (1500 m), 14.28,2 (5000 m) et 30.06,2 (10 000 m), tous \u00e9galement des records du monde. L\u2019ann\u00e9e 1926 fut un point tournant dans la carri\u00e8re de Nurmi. Il entamait une douce descente du top niveau et la marge de ses victoires \u00e9tait moins spectaculaire.<\/p>\n
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Les troisi\u00e8mes Jeux Olympiques ne suscitaient plus le m\u00eame enthousiasme chez Paavo Nurmi. Il avait 31 ans et dans sa carri\u00e8re olympique il avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 obtenu huit m\u00e9dailles d\u2019or et une m\u00e9daille d\u2019argent. Certes le succ\u00e8s aux Jeux Olympiques augmenterait sa cote sur les pistes am\u00e9ricaines et Nurmi d\u00e9cida finalement au dernier moment de participer aux Jeux. \u00c0 Amsterdam Nurmi remporta une m\u00e9daille d\u2019or sur le 10 000 m et deux m\u00e9dailles d\u2019argent, \u00e0 savoir sur le 5000 m et le steeple de 3000 m.<\/p>\n
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En automne 1928, lors d\u2019une interview pour un journal su\u00e9dois, Nurmi affirma : \u00ab Cette ann\u00e9e est absolument ma derni\u00e8re saison en comp\u00e9tition. Je commence \u00e0 me faire vieux. Je cours les comp\u00e9titions depuis 15 ans et j\u2019en ai assez \u00bb. Nurmi d\u00e9cida cependant de continuer sa carri\u00e8re de coureur \u00e0 pied, mais de plus en plus sur les pistes \u00e9trang\u00e8res. L\u2019ann\u00e9e 1929, Paavo Nurmi l\u2019entama par une seconde tourn\u00e9e aux Etats-Unis. An \u00e9t\u00e9 1930, Nurmi fit un retour victorieux sur les pistes. Au mois de juin, il battit \u00e0 Londres le record du monde du 6 miles, et en septembre \u00e0 Stockholm celui du 20 km.<\/p>\n
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Au premier semestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1932, Paavo Nurmi s\u2019entra\u00eena plus consciencieusement que jamais pour ses quatri\u00e8mes JO. ll avait dans l\u2019id\u00e9e de couronner sa carri\u00e8re par une m\u00e9daille d\u2019or olympique sur le marathon, tout comme Hannes Kolehmainen. A Los Angeles, il avait l\u2019intention de participer \u00e9galement au 10 000 m. Au printemps 1932, il fut pourtant suspendu de comp\u00e9titions internationales pour raison de professionnalisme, ce qui a jet\u00e9 un ombre sur les r\u00eaves du champion\u2026<\/p>\n
Au village olympique de Los Angeles Nurmi s\u2019entra\u00eena intens\u00e9ment en d\u00e9pit d\u2019une douleur \u00e0 la jambe. On disait que sa jambe lui faisait tellement mal qu\u2019il pouvait \u00e0 peine marcher \u2013 sans parler de courir.<\/p>\n
En d\u00e9pit des appels, l\u2019Association internationale des f\u00e9d\u00e9rations d\u2019athl\u00e9tisme (IAAF) n\u2019a pas annul\u00e9 l\u2019interdiction de courir en amateur inflig\u00e9e \u00e0 Paavo Nurmi. Nurmi se trouva alors rel\u00e9gu\u00e9 au rang de spectateur, mais pendant le 10 000 m et le marathon on l\u2019a pas vu aux tribunes. Apr\u00e8s le marathon, il a simplement dit : \u00ab Je l\u2019aurai gagn\u00e9 en 5 minutes de moins\u00bb.<\/p>\n
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Apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 suspendu et consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme professionnel, Paavo Nurmi ne pouvait plus concourir \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. La F\u00e9d\u00e9ration finlandaise Suomen Urheiluliitto n\u2019avait pas reconnu le jugement inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 Nurmi et il a pu continuer \u00e0 courir en Finlande jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1934 comme \u00ab amateur national \u00bb. Paavo Nurmi disputa sa derni\u00e8re comp\u00e9tition \u00e0 Viborg le 16 septembre 1934. Il y remporta le 10 000 m en 31.39,2.<\/p>\n
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Apr\u00e8s sa carri\u00e8re de coureur, Nurmi fit carri\u00e8re dans les affaires et la construction. Depuis les ann\u00e9es 1920, il s\u2019\u00e9tait construit un capital de base au moyen d\u2019investissements judicieux. Paavo Nurmi s\u2019est construit une fortune consid\u00e9rable principalement dans la construction de logements. Il a fait construire au total une quarantaine d\u2019immeubles dans diff\u00e9rents quartiers d\u2019Helsinki, principalement \u00e0 Lauttasaari, Munkkiniemi et T\u00f6\u00f6l\u00f6. Outre les affaires, Nurmi participa \u00e9galement \u00e0 l\u2019entra\u00eenement de certains coureurs dans les ann\u00e9es 1930 et 40.<\/p>\n
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Dans son travail et dans sa vie priv\u00e9e Paavo Nurmi \u00e9vitait la publicit\u00e9, mais au moment de d\u00e9tresse il \u00e9tait pr\u00eat \u00e0 mettre sa notori\u00e9t\u00e9 au service de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et du sport finlandais. Pendant les ann\u00e9es \u00e9prouvantes de la guerre, le nom l\u00e9gendaire de Paavo Nurmi fut utile surtout \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, en particulier aux Etats-Unis.<\/p>\n
Pendant la guerre d\u2019hiver, \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019hiver 1940 Paavo Nurmi se rendit aux Etats-Unis, accompagn\u00e9 de Taisto M\u00e4ki, pour participer \u00e0 une campagne de collecte de fonds en faveur de la Finlande. En 1939, Taisto M\u00e4ki avait \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier homme \u00e0 courir le 10 000 m\u00e8tres en moins de 30 minutes. Aux Etats-Unis M\u00e4ki participa \u00e0 des courses exhibitions et les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices des \u00e9v\u00e8nements furent vers\u00e9s au fond d\u2019aide \u00e0 la Finlande (Finnish Relief Fund).<\/p>\n
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Les Jeux de la XV\u00e8me Olympiade furent organis\u00e9s \u00e0 Helsinki du 19 juillet au 3 ao\u00fbt 1952. Quand le texte \u00ab Le flambeau olympique sera port\u00e9 sur le stade par Paavo Nurmi \u00bb est apparu sur le tableau du stade olympique, le silence envahit d\u2019abord les tribunes abritant quelques 70 000 spectateurs, qui \u00e9clat\u00e8rent ensuite en applaudissements \u00e9tourdissants. Certains tomb\u00e8rent en larmes.<\/p>\n
Apr\u00e8s avoir allum\u00e9 la vasque olympique situ\u00e9e au milieu du stade, Paavo Nurmi remis le flambeau qui fut port\u00e9 au sommet de la tour du Stade olympique o\u00f9 l\u2019autre h\u00e9ros olympique Hannes Kolehmainen alluma l\u2019autre flamme olympique.<\/p>\n
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Les traits caract\u00e9ristiques de Paavo Nurmi \u00e9taient son intelligence, sa nature introvertie et sa d\u00e9termination. A ses moments de d\u00e9prime \u2013 surtout avec l\u2019\u00e2ge \u2013 il lui arrivait de renier la valeur de sa carri\u00e8re sportive. \u00ab Seuls le vrai travail, la science et l\u2019art ont r\u00e9ellement de valeur \u00bb. Paavo Nurmi ne coula jamais une retraite tranquille. Vers la fin des ann\u00e9es 1950, il avait subi un infarctus du myocarde, mais il continua \u00e0 travailler durement jusqu\u2019en 1967, o\u00f9 il eut une nouvelle attaque. En 1968 Paavo Nurmi cr\u00e9e une fondation au profit de la recherche sur les maladies coronariennes et la sant\u00e9 publique. Il fit don \u00e0 la fondation de deux immeubles et de la somme de plus d\u2019un million de marks finlandais.<\/p>\n
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Paavo Nurmi s\u2019est \u00e9teint \u00e0 Helsinki le 2 octobre 1973. Son d\u00e9c\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9 partout dans le monde. Des n\u00e9crologies \u00e9logieuses furent publi\u00e9es dans les journaux partout dans le monde. La ministre finlandaise de l\u2019Education nationale Marjatta V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen dit dans son \u00e9loge fun\u00e8bre : \u00ab Les records sont battus, les m\u00e9dailles se ternissent, les vainqueurs sont vaincus. Paavo Nurmi est un concept historique ind\u00e9niable. \u00bb<\/p>\n
Paavo Nurmi fut enterr\u00e9 le 11 octobre 1973 au frais de l\u2019\u00c9tat. Les obs\u00e8ques eurent lieu \u00e0 Helsinki dans Vanha kirkko (Vieille \u00c9glise). Le cercueil du grand coureur fut transport\u00e9 en cort\u00e8ge fun\u00e8bre d\u2019Helsinki \u00e0 Turku, o\u00f9 Nurmi fut enterr\u00e9 dans la tombe familiale au Vanha hautausmaa (Ancienne Cimeti\u00e8re).<\/p>\n
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Paavo Nurmi a \u00e9t\u00e9 honor\u00e9 de maintes mani\u00e8res. Au fil des d\u00e9cennies, des milliers d\u2019articles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9crits et plusieurs livres publi\u00e9s sur lui. Apr\u00e8s les JO de Paris en 1924, le gouvernement finlandais avait command\u00e9 au c\u00e9l\u00e8bre sculpteur V\u00e4in\u00f6 Aaltonen une statue repr\u00e9sentant Paavo Nurmi. En 1952, deux copies de cette statue furent r\u00e9alis\u00e9es avec le moule original : une fut plac\u00e9e devant le Stade Olympique \u00e0 Helsinki et l\u2019autre \u00e0 Turku, la ville natale de Nurmi. En 1983 la statue originale qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 conserv\u00e9e dans les collections du Mus\u00e9e Ateneum, fut plac\u00e9e devant la Facult\u00e9 des sciences de l\u2019\u00e9ducation physique de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4. En 1994, une troisi\u00e8me copie en a \u00e9t\u00e9 coul\u00e9e pour \u00eatre plac\u00e9e dans le parc du Mus\u00e9e Olympique du Comit\u00e9 olympique international \u00e0 Lausanne en Suisse.<\/p>\n
Des m\u00e9dailles et des timbres ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9mis en l\u2019honneur de ce grand h\u00e9ros olympique, et des rues et m\u00eame une plan\u00e8te portent son nom. Paavo Nurmi est probablement l\u2019unique athl\u00e8te olympique dont le nom est reconnu partout dans le monde. Son profil a servi \u00e0 illustrer \u00e9galement un billet de banque. L\u2019autre face du billet de 10 marks en usage de 1987 \u00e0 1993, repr\u00e9sentait le Stade olympique d\u2019Helsinki.<\/p>\n
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Paavo Nurmi est n\u00e9 \u00e0 Turku en Finlande le 13 juin 1897, la maison de la famille Nurmi existant encore au num\u00e9ro 4 de Jarrumiehenkatu. Aux Jeux Olympiques de 1912 \u00e0 Stockholm Hannes Kolehmainen avait remport\u00e9 trois m\u00e9dailles d\u2019or et a litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab inscrit en courant la Finlande sur la carte du monde \u00bb. Les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-985","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n